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    Home»Machine Learning»9 Old-School ML Algorithms Getting a Makeover with LLMs & Vector Search in 2025 | by Anix Lynch, MBA, ex-VC | Feb, 2025
    Machine Learning

    9 Old-School ML Algorithms Getting a Makeover with LLMs & Vector Search in 2025 | by Anix Lynch, MBA, ex-VC | Feb, 2025

    FinanceStarGateBy FinanceStarGateFebruary 3, 2025No Comments8 Mins Read
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    Assume every ML algo are human college students:

    TL;DR

    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: A scholar thinks grades observe a straight line β€” research 2 hours, get precisely 10% higher.
    ❌ Drawback: Doesn’t account for burnout, distractions, or motivation boosts β€” generally extra finding out hurts!

    πŸ”Ή MLP Enhance: Learns hidden patterns β€” realizes sleep, stress, and snacks have an effect on scores!
    πŸ”Ή Transformer Improve: Remembers previous exams & instructor’s grading type to foretell scores higher.

    🧠 Improve Impact: From primary development guessing ➝ to AI-level forecasting! πŸš€

    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: A scholar thinks in black & white β€” research 3 hours = go, lower than that = fail.
    ❌ Drawback: Actual life isn’t that easy β€” some college students cram final minute & go, whereas others fail regardless of finding out arduous!

    πŸ”Ή LLM Enhance: Learns from previous check scores, query issue, & even sleep patterns to predict passing probabilities extra precisely!
    πŸ”Ή Zero-Shot Improve: Can classify new conditions immediately β€” predicts if a scholar will go even with out seeing their actual research sample earlier than!

    🧠 Improve Impact: From inflexible sure/no pondering ➝ to nuanced AI-powered predictions! πŸš€

    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: A scholar memorizes each check query & reply with out understanding ideas.
    ❌ Drawback: Overfitting! If the examination format adjustments, they panic & fail as a result of they’ll’t generalize.

    πŸ”Ή LLM + Explainable AI Enhance:

    • Now the scholar understands patterns as an alternative of simply memorizing.
    • Makes use of SHAP & LIME to clarify why a solution is right, like a instructor breaking down troublesome questions.
    • Can adapt to new check codecs by utilizing previous information (Hybrid Deep Studying + GBM fashions).

    🧠 Improve Impact: From inflexible memorization ➝ to adaptive reasoning with explainability! πŸš€

    4️⃣ 🌳 Random Forest β†’ 100 College students Now Have Shared Reminiscence & Immediate Group Chat
    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: 100 college students research barely completely different variations of the e-book & vote on solutions.
    πŸ”Ή LLM Augmented: Now, college students share information immediately by way of AI (like federated studying), lowering redundant errors.

    🧠 Improve Impact: From impartial learners to a super-synced AI-powered resolution group.

    5️⃣ πŸš€ XGBoost / LightGBM / CatBoost (Boosting) β†’ Scholar Now Learns From World Errors, Not Simply Their Personal
    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: One scholar retains studying from previous errors & improves after every check.
    πŸ”Ή LLM Augmented: Now, the scholar additionally learns from worldwide check patterns, instructor biases, & associated topics!

    🧠 Improve Impact: From sequential self-learning to reinforcement-learning AI (like fine-tuned LLMs).

    6️⃣ ❌ SVM β†’ Scholar Now Admits They Can’t Preserve Up With AI-Powered Complexity
    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: Makes use of a strict rulebook however struggles with massive textbooks.
    πŸ”Ή LLM Augmented: Scholar realizes deep studying fashions now deal with high-dimensional knowledge higher (textual content, photos).

    🧠 Actuality Verify: SVM is changed by transformers for textual content & picture duties.

    7️⃣ ❌ Ok-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) β†’ Scholar Now Makes use of AI As a substitute of Asking Associates
    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: Asks closest mates for solutions based mostly on their previous experiences.
    πŸ”Ή LLM Augmented: As a substitute of asking 10,000 college students (sluggish), the scholar accesses AI-powered vector search (FAISS, Pinecone) for fast retrieval!

    🧠 Improve Impact: From sluggish guide lookup to real-time AI suggestions.

    8️⃣ ❌ Ok-Means Clustering β†’ Scholar Now Learns from Dynamic, Context-Based mostly Teams
    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: Teams college students into mounted classes (math group, artwork group).
    πŸ”Ή LLM Augmented: Now, AI clusters college students dynamically based mostly on evolving expertise, cross-domain experience, & peer affect.

    🧠 Improve Impact: From static clustering to AI-powered, versatile group formation (like HNSW, Approximate Nearest Neighbors).

    9️⃣ βœ… DBSCAN (Clustering) β†’ Scholar Now Detects Anomalies in Actual Time
    πŸ”Ή Earlier than: Finds outliers β€” detects college students who research very in another way.
    πŸ”Ή LLM Augmented: AI detects rising traits, social dynamics, & uncommon behaviors immediately (like AI-powered fraud detection).

    🧠 Improve Impact: From primary anomaly detection to AI-powered real-time insights.

    Regression assumes that if one issue adjustments, the end result will observe a predictable sample.However in the true world, traits aren’t straight β€” issues like sudden occasions, human habits, and market shifts make regression fashions unreliable. πŸš€

                                    πŸš€ LLMs & Deep Studying Automate Regression  
    β”‚
    β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
    β”‚ β”‚
    πŸ”₯ Deep Studying Handles Non-Linearity πŸ“œ LLMs Do Textual content-Based mostly Classification
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ❌ Linear Regression Cannot Deal with Complicated Tendencies ❌ Logistic Regression Cannot Compete with Zero-Shot Studying
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ† Neural Networks Approximate Any Operate πŸ”₯ BERT & GPT Deal with Classification With out Preprocessing
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ’€ Regression is Turning into a Subset of Deep Studying!

    πŸ”₯ Last Verdict for Regression:
    πŸš€ Deep Studying + LLMs + Hybrid AI = The way forward for monetary forecasting.

    Logistic Regression has lengthy been the go-to mannequin for binary classification (sure/no, spam/not spam, fraud/not fraud). But when it’s getting changed.

                                    πŸš€ LLMs Exchange Handbook Textual content Classification  
    β”‚
    β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
    β”‚ β”‚
    πŸ”₯ LLMs Study Textual content Context Straight πŸ€– Zero-Shot Studying Works Immediately
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ❌ Logistic Regression Wants Handbook Options ❌ Requires Stopword Elimination & Tokenization
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ† BERT & GPT Perceive Textual content That means πŸ”₯ LLMs Classify With out Preprocessing
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ’€ Logistic Regression is Turning into a Particular Case of LLMs!

    πŸ›‘ Instance:

    • β€œCOVID-19 vaccines trigger 5G monitoring” β†’ Logistic Regression may misclassify this as impartial if phrases like β€˜protected’ seem.
    • LLMs detect the false declare by understanding context & scientific details.

    πŸ”₯ Last Verdict for Logistic Regression:

    βœ… Nonetheless Used for Easy Structured Knowledge: Credit score Scoring (Financial institution Loans) πŸ’° β€” Banks nonetheless use it to predict default threat when deep studying is overkill. Docs use Logistic Regression for binary illness predictions (diabetes: sure/no).

    ❌ Dying in Massive Tech & AI Purposes: Corporations want fashions that adapt, scale, and work with unstructured knowledge.

    πŸš€ Determination Timber have been as soon as the go-to for structured decision-making, however Explainable AI (XAI) is taking up. Let’s take a look at real-world examples the place resolution timber fail, and XAI-powered fashions outperform.

    Actual-World Case Research: Determination Timber πŸ“‰ vs. Explainable AI πŸš€

    βœ… Why are they known as Boosting, Bagging, and Stacking? (In Easy English)

    • Determination Timber β†’ ❌ Overfits simply as a result of it learns from a single tree with arduous splits.
    • Random Forests β†’ βœ… Balances complexity by averaging many timber, lowering overfitting.
    • Deep Studying β†’ πŸš€ Overkill for structured knowledge as a result of it wants huge knowledge & compute to outperform RF.

    So, Random Forests are the candy spot β€” extra steady than Determination Timber however not as overkill as Deep Studying.

    βœ… When is Deep Studying Overkill?

    βœ… When Does Deep Studying Truly Win?

    πŸ”₯ Largest Takeaway? Random Forests nonetheless rule structured tabular knowledge, whereas deep studying dominates unstructured issues. πŸš€

    • Boosting Fashions: How a lot does revenue have an effect on mortgage approval? β†’ 45% significance rating πŸ“Š
    • LLMs: Does revenue have an effect on mortgage approval? β†’ β€œIncreased revenue is normally higher.” πŸ€– (No numerical proof!)
    ### πŸ€– Why SVM is Fading & Deep Studying is Taking Over  
    β”‚
    β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
    β”‚ β”‚
    βœ… **SVM is nice for small datasets** πŸš€ **Deep Studying excels at large-scale AI**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ⚠️ **SVM wants kernel tips for advanced knowledge** βœ… **DL learns options robotically (CNNs, Transformers)**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ❌ **SVM struggles with high-dimensional knowledge** βœ… **Deep Studying scales higher with huge options**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ”₯ **Last Verdict: SVM is outdated for contemporary AI!** DL dominates large-scale textual content & picture duties 🎯

    πŸ”₯ Last Verdict: SVMs are historical past for large-scale AI β€” deep studying wins! 🎯

    ### πŸ” Why KNN is Dying & Vector Search is the Future  
    β”‚
    β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
    β”‚ β”‚
    βœ… **KNN works for small datasets** πŸš€ **Vector Search scales dynamically**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ⚠️ **KNN finds neighbors by brute power** βœ… **Vector Search makes use of ANN (FAISS, HNSW) for velocity**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ❌ **Gradual when dataset grows (hundreds of thousands of factors)** βœ… **Vector Search handles billions of vectors effectively**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ“‰ **Struggles with real-time suggestions** πŸ† **Powering Google Search, Amazon, and ChatGPT’s RAG!**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ”₯ **Last Verdict: KNN is outdated!** Vector Search wins for AI & large-scale retrieval 🎯

    πŸ”₯ Last Verdict:
    KNN was nice for small datasets in 2010, however Vector Search is the longer term of AI-powered search, suggestions, and retrieval! πŸš€

                            Ok-Means Clustering ❌ vs. HNSW & ANN πŸš€  
    β”‚
    β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”΄β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
    β”‚ β”‚
    βœ… **Ok-Means works for small datasets** πŸš€ **HNSW & ANN scale to billions of knowledge factors**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ⚠️ **Ok-Means requires predefined clusters (Ok worth)** βœ… **Vector clustering is versatile, finds pure constructions dynamically**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    ❌ **Fails on high-dimensional knowledge (textual content, photos)** βœ… **Vector embeddings cluster paperwork, movies, & person habits**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ“‰ **Struggles with real-time clustering** πŸ† **Powering Google, Amazon, and AI-driven suggestions!**
    β”‚ β”‚
    β–Ό β–Ό
    πŸ”₯ **Last Verdict:** Ok-Means is simply too inflexible! Vector-based clustering wins for AI & large-scale purposes. 🎯

    🌍 Actual-World Examples of Ok-Means vs. Vector-Based mostly Clustering

    πŸ”₯ Last Verdict:
    Ok-Means is outdated for high-dimensional, dynamic clustering. Vector-Based mostly Clustering (HNSW, ANN) is the way forward for AI-driven search, suggestions, and anomaly detection! πŸš€



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